Tshawb xyuas me ntsis ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm

Raws li cov khoom yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, kev tiv thaiv khaub ncaws yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm zoo, ua kom zoo nkauj thiab xis nyob, tsis tsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm "qhov tsis zoo" ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov qib siab. Cov. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav sai sai, tib neeg kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tau dhau los ua qhov muaj zog, thiab cov kev cai siab dua tau muab tso rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Qhov kev nce qib ntawm cov ntaub tiv thaiv tau zoo tau txhawb nqa cov ntsiab lus thiab txoj haujlwm.

2 Kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws thiab kev txhim kho

2.1 Cov xwm txheej hauv tsev

Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb tau pib lig, thiab tau ntsib ntau yam nyuaj hauv kev nce qib. Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1980 mus txog rau xyoo 1990, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv los ua ntau thiab ntau dua. Xyoo 1991, kev npaj Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Koom Tes Hauv Tebchaws tau txhawb nqa kev sib pauv thiab txhawb nqa cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv khaub ncaws. Txij li xyoo 1990, Tuam Tshoj cov koob tau teeb tsa. Muaj ntau lub kaum plaub ntawm cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, thiab nws tau dav siv nyob rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab, xws li Nomex1313 thiab Nomex1414 cov fibers tau pib kev lag luam ntau lawm, cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv ntau txoj haujlwm tau hnav nyob rau hauv kev lag luam sib txawv. , xws li Antistatic antibacterial thiab anti-virus tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws, hluav taws thiab roj resistant, dej thiab acid tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws. Lub teb chaws cov qauv, cov qauv thiab cov qauv hauv zos ntawm ntau cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tau raug txhim kho tas li, thiab cov chaw saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas tau dhau los ua suab nrov. Tam sim no, txawm hais tias muaj kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuab ntsig txog kev tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom lag luam nyob hauv Suav teb, tseem muaj qhov tsis sib xws piv nrog cov teb chaws tsim. Tseem tshuav qee qhov teeb meem hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev hnav khaub ncaws uas hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntau haum, kev tiv thaiv thiab xis ua kom sib haum. Cov qauv kev pabcuam thiab cov qauv kev ntsuas kev ntsuas yuav tau txhim kho.

2.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Thoob Ntiaj Teb

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm cov ntaub tiv thaiv hauv ntiaj teb tau nce qib tshwj xeeb heev, thiab tau dhau los ua cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm. Nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, ntau yam thiab daim teb thov ntawm cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muaj maj mam nthuav dav, thiab cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kab mob, khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kab, tiv thaiv khaub ncaws infrared, tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws, txias khaub ncaws, chaw nyob, thiab lwm yam. lossi tawm los, thiab muaj ntau lub zog. Cov khaub ncaws hnav tiv thaiv tau kuj tau ua tiav; high-performance multi-functional tiv thaiv cov ntaub thiab cov kev ua tiav tshiab tuaj. Nomex, Basofi1, Kerme1, PBI thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm siab-nrawm thiab sib xyaw cov tshuaj fiber ntau nrog cov kub thiab hluav taws kub tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws tau qhia rau cov lag luam; Cov rooj sib tham txog kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb thoob ntiaj teb txog kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub yog muaj ntau zaus; pab pawg kev kawm thiab cov qauv txheej txheem rau cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tau nce, thiab cov qauv tshiab tau raug tsim kho. Tam sim no, International Organisation rau Standardization (ISO), European Committee rau Standardization (CEX), Asmeskas Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam thiab Cov Khoom Siv (ASTM), thiab lwm yam. Lub koom haum muaj pawg kws tshaj lij lossis pawg neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv.

3 Kev faib tawm cov kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv ib puag ncig

Cov ntaub thaiv kev ua haujlwm yog UV-resistant, hluav taws xob-pov thawj, hluav taws kub-tiv taus, kub-resistant, roj-resistant, acid-pov thawj, tshem tawm zoo li qub, thiab huab cua, muab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw muaj kev puas tsuaj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov loj loj poob ntawm lub neej thiab vaj tse ntawm luav. Cov. Kev cais tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

3.1 Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv

Raws li cov khoom yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntaub dav dav thiab tsis ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv. Cov kev tiv thaiv dav dav yog hais txog cov ntaub uas hnav hauv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm dav dav rau kev puas tsuaj xws li kev paug, kev siv tshuab, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, xws li hnab looj tes tiv thaiv, tes tsho, leggings, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho tshuab. Cov. Cov neeg ua haujlwm muab kev nyab xeeb thiab saib xyuas. Feem ntau, ntau hom kev tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws ntaub muaj, thiab qib sib txawv ntawm cov paj rwb ntshiab, tshuaj fiber ntau, thiab cov tshuaj fiber ntau ua kom haum cov khoom tsim nyog. Cov ntaub tiv thaiv zoo heev tsim nyog rau cov chaw ua haujlwm uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv tuaj yeem ua kom nyob taus thiab txo cov haujlwm txaus ntshai. Lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws thiab kev lag luam tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam chemical. Metallurgy, roj av, hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab lwm cov teb.

3.2 Kev faib tawm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub tiv thaiv yog tsim rau cov chaw ua haujlwm ntau. Cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig zoo li no tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv hauv lub cev (ntsuas kub, ntsuas kub, cua, nag, dej, hluav taws, hmoov av, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam), tshuaj lom (cov kab mob lom). , roj, kua qaub, alkali, thiab lwm yam), txheeb raws roj ntsha (kab, kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam). Raws li kev faib tawm kev ua haujlwm, kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub tiv thaiv cov khoom tseem ceeb muaj xws li: hluav taws kub tiv thaiv thiab kub tiv thaiv, tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob zoo li qub, dej thiab roj permeable, tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv txias thiab sov, npog, tiv thaiv yoov tshaj tawm, tua thiab deodorant, roj pleev tshuaj thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntaub.

3.3 Kev faib tawm raws cheeb tsam thov

Raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv, cov ntaub thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo tuaj yeem muab faib ua hluav taws xob pej xeem, kev siv tub rog, kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv, kev lom zem thiab chaw ua si, kev lag luam, kev tsim kho, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub rau cov khoom siv rau pej xeem, xws li pej xeem thauj cov ris tsho tiv thaiv, siv cov ntaub ntawv xa rov qab cov khoom tiav thiab ua tiav cov khoom tiav, nce qhov muag pom ntawm cov khoom (tib neeg, txoj kev, thiab lwm yam) kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej; cov tub rog kev tiv thaiv tub rog tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov mos txwv tsho khuam. Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv nuclear, tiv thaiv cov tshuaj biochemical, cov khaub ncaws camouflage, nws lub luag haujlwm yog ua kom muaj kev pab ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, tiv thaiv thiab tawm tsam huab cua muaj huab cua phem thiab ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb, kev siv roj ntsha thiab tshuaj lom neeg, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, nrog ntau txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv. biochemical thiab cov nkev tsim kev puas tsuaj Cov ris tsho tiv thaiv tau raug qhia; tam sim no, tus nqi ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob yog qhov loj, xav tau kev hnav khaub ncaws yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, kev nyab xeeb, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv cov kab mob, tiv thaiv kev xeb, tiv taus kua muag, tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo, ntxuav-dawb, txo kev phais mob, thiab lwm yam. Cov. American Gore's phais qhov ua yeeb yaj kiab zaj duab xis Crosstech EMS npuag tsis tsuas yog thaiv cov ntshav, lub cev ntawm lub cev thiab nkag rau tus kab mob, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom lub cev muaj zog thiab xis nyob. Hao Xinmin thiab lwm tus tsim cov PTFE laminated zaj duab xis "SARS" tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws, nrog cov kab mob ruaj khov tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv cov ntshav nkag, tiv thaiv zoo li qub, tiv thaiv dej, tiv thaiv roj, roj pov thawj, tiv thaiv cov kab mob, ua pa thiab lwm yam; kev lom zem thiab chaw ua si Kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub tiv no tsuas yog hais txog kev tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws hnav los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, cov neeg nce, cov neeg caij tsheb, cov neeg caij tsheb, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv, Dow Corning ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim lub cev tiv thaiv cov ntaub uas tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov cua. Poj niam txiv neej, yooj ywm, rhiab, tsiv, yooj yim saib xyuas thiab lwm yam.