Yim yam ntxwv ntawm textile fibers

Cov khoom ntawm fiber ntau txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab nws qhov tsim nyog rau kev thov tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv kev xeem thiab cov kev xeem kuaj feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas thiab sib piv cov khoom fiber ntau.

Ua ntej, hnav fastness

Kev hnav ceev yog hais txog lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ntawm kev hnav, uas pab txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov ntaub. Cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm ua los ntawm cov fibers nrog lub zog tawg siab thiab zoo abrasion fastness yog ruaj rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab yuav qhia tau tias hnav thiab tsim kua muag rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Nylon yog siv dav hauv cov tsho xws li cov tsho ski thiab ncaws pob. Qhov no yog vim nws lub zog thiab hnav ceev ceev yog qhov zoo heev. Acetate fibers feem ntau yog siv rau hauv ob sab hauv ntawm cov ris tsho sab nrauv thiab cov tsho vim lawv cov drape zoo heev thiab tus nqi qis. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov tsis zoo hnav tsis zoo ntawm cov acetate fiber ntau, cov hauv ob sab phlu yog nquag hnav lossis tsim ib lub qhov ua ntej cov ntaub ntawm lub tsho hnav.

Qhov thib ob, kev nqus dej

Kev nqus dej yog lub peev xwm nqus dej noo, uas feem ntau qhia txog cov dej noo rov qab. Kev nqus dej ntawm cov fiber ntau yog hais txog qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov dej ntws tawm los ntawm huab cua ntawm cov fiber ntau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 70 ° F (suav rau 21 ° C) thiab cov av noo ntawm 65 feem pua.

Cov dej yooj yim absorbing fibers yog hu ua hydrophilic fibers. Txhua yam tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag fibers thiab ob rayon fibers - viscose thiab acetate fibers yog hydrophilic fibers. Fibers uas muaj teeb meem hauv absorbing dej los yog tsuas yog rho tawm me me ntawm cov dej yog hu ua hydrophobic fibers. Tsuas yog viscose, Lyocell thiab acetate fibers, tag nrho cov rayon fibers yog hydrophobic fibers. Cov iav fibers tsis nqus dej txhua, thiab lwm cov fibers feem ntau muaj cov dej noo rov qab los ntawm 4 feem pua ​​lossis tsawg dua.

Kev nqus dej ntawm fibers cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm nws daim ntawv thov, suav nrog:

Kev nplij siab ntawm daim tawv nqaij: Vim qhov nqus dej tsis zoo, cov hws ntws tuaj yeem ua rau txias thiab ntub dej.

Electrostaticity: Ua kom haum cov teeb meem xws li khaub ncaws nplaum thiab ua rau lub ntsej muag nrog hydrophobic fibers, vim tias yuav luag tsis muaj dej noo los pab tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov fibers, thiab plua plav kuj nqa mus rau cov fibers thiab adhered thereto vim hluav taws xob zoo li qub.

Dimensional stability tom qab ntxuav: Tom qab ntxuav, lub hydrophobic fiber shrinks tsawg tshaj li hydrophilic fiber, thiab cov fiber tsis tshua nthuav, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau lub shrinkage ntawm cov ntaub.

Decontamination: Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev kom tshem tawm cov stains los ntawm hydrophilic fibers vim tias cov fibers yuav nqus tau ob qho tib si huv thiab dej.

Kev tiv thaiv dej: Hydrophilic fibers feem ntau raug rau cov dej ntau dua thiab kev kho tom qab ntev vim tias qhov kev kho tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau cov fibers no muaj dej ntau dua.

Pleated rov qab: Hydrophobic fibers feem ntau muaj qhov rov ua kom zoo dua qub, ntau heev tom qab ntxuav, vim tias lawv tsis nqus dej, o thiab qhuav hauv wrinkles.

Thib peb, lub luag haujlwm tshuaj

Hauv kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub (xws li luam ntawv thiab dyeing, xov) thiab kev saib xyuas hauv tsev / kev tshaj lij lossis kev pom tseeb (xws li cov xab npum roj, tshuaj dawb thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav kom qhuav), cov fibers feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj. Hom tshuaj, lub zog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov fiber ntau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm cov fibers sib txawv thiab nws yuav tsum ncaj qha ntsig txog kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom huv.

Fibers teb txawv rau cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, paj rwb fiber ntau kuj tsis tshua muaj acid tsis kam thiab alkali resistant. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub paj rwb yuav poob me ntsis lub zog tom qab kev kho tshuaj tsis muaj ironing.

Plaub, kev pab them nqi

Kev pab them nqi yog hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj ntau yam. Cov coarse fiber los yog crimped fiber ntau muaj cov nyhuv zoo dua li cov ntaub ua los ntawm cov fibers zoo thiab ncaj. Cov ntaub yog sov, tag nrho ntawm kev xav, thiab woven nrog tsawg fiber.

Wool yog ib qho siv dav hauv cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm rau lub caij ntuj no vim tias nws cov curl muab kev pabcuam zoo ntawm cov ntaub thiab tsim kom muaj huab cua ntau hauv cov ntaub uas cais tawm ntawm huab cua txias sab nraud. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm fiber ntau yog nyob ntawm nws cov duab ntu ntu, qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav.

V. Flexibility

Elasticity yog hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov ntev (extension) nyob rau hauv qhov nro thiab rov qab mus rau lub xeev pob zeb (rov qab) tom qab tso tawm lub zog sab nraud. Lub elongation thaum lub zog sab nraud ua rau ntawm cov fiber ntau los yog ntaub ua rau cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj dua thiab cov seam kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim yog me me. Kuj tseem muaj kev nyiam ua kom lub zog tawg. Cov lus teb ua tiav tuaj yeem pab ua kom lub luj tshib lossis lub hauv caug npuag, yog li tiv thaiv slack hauv cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm.

Fibers uas tuaj yeem ntev yam tsawg kawg yog 100 feem pua ​​yog hu ua elastic fibers. Spandex (Spandex tseem hu ua Lycra, peb lub teb chaws hu ua spandex) thiab roj hmab fiber ntau yog cov fiber ntau no. Tom qab elongation, cov elastic fibers yuav luag rov qab los rau lawv qhov qub ntev.

Rau, ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob

Ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm fiber ntau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov fibers thiab cov ntaub zaum kawg ua rau qhov kawg ntawm cua daj cua dub, cia, thiab lwm yam. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:

Wool workwear yuav tsum tau tswj cov kab thaum khaws cia, vim lawv tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm wool mites.

Nylon thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav raug rau lub hnub ntev, thiab lub zog yuav poob, yog li lawv feem ntau tsis siv los ua cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab qhov rooj thiab qhov rais.

Cov paj rwb fiber ntau yog yooj yim heev thiab pwm, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej ntev.

Xya, flammability

Flammability yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom rau ignite lossis hlawv. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias tib neeg lub neej yeej ib txwm nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau yam ntaub. Peb nkag siab tias cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm lossis cov rooj tog zaum sab hauv, vim lawv cov nplaim taws, tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg siv khoom puas tsuaj loj thiab ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj loj.

Fibers feem ntau cais raws li flammable, non-flammable, thiab hluav taws kub resistant:

Flammable fibers yog fibers uas tsuas yog ignited thiab yuav txuas ntxiv hlawv.

Tsis yog-combustible fiber yog fiber ntau uas muaj qhov kub kub kub thiab qhov kub ceev uas yuav ua rau nws tus kheej tua tom qab tshem tawm qhov kev sib tsoo.

Fireproof fibers yog fibers uas tsis hlawv.

Flammable fibers tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub nyhiab fibers los ntawm kev ua tiav lossis hloov cov fiber ntau. Piv txwv li, cov pa polyester yog flammable, tab sis Trevira polyester yog kho kom muaj hluav taws kub.

Yim, softness

Softness hais txog cov cuab yeej uas cov fiber ntau tau yooj yim khoov yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Cov fibers mos xws li acetate fibers txhawb cov ntaub thiab cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm uas yog drape. Rigid fibers, xws li fiberglass, tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm, tab sis tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov ntaub uas tawv tawv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Feem ntau, qhov zoo dua cov fiber ntau, qhov zoo dua cov ntaub. Softness kuj cuam tshuam rau kev xav ntawm cov ntaub.