Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj

Lub ntuj tsim muaj qhov tshwm sim thiab siv los ntawm tib neeg yog raws li daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub ancient apes, neeg them lawv nrog bark. Thawj cov siv hluav taws xob siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv technology yog daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nroj tsuag, flax, deb ntawm Pob Zeb Hnub Nyoog, Switzerland. Nyob rau hauv lub pas dej thiab chaw kub thiab muaj xyoob ntoo Iyiv, tib neeg cog cov flax thiab woven lawv cov fabrics rau hauv ntaub. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev vammeej ntawm lub tebchaws Loos, nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, Bulgaria, Russab, Georgia, thiab lwm yam., Muaj tshaib plab seem ntawm centuries BC. . Qhov no yog lub cim ntawm kev siv cov tim Iyim, tim Nkij teb chaws, thiab Roman kev vam meej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog zoo-deserved tias linen yog lub ntuj tshaj plaws qub fiber. Flax yog lub forerunner ntawm tib neeg zam. Flax ignites lub teeb ntawm tib neeg costumes, thiab linen tau nrog tib neeg kev vam meej.

Raws li thaum ntxov li 10,000 xyoo dhau los, cov neeg Iyiv laus pib cog cov noob flax hauv Nile Valley. Nyob rau hauv 1854, tib neeg pom cov flax thooj ntawm 10,000 xyoo dhau los rau hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej Swiss. Qhov no yog qhov qub paj ntaub ntaub nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 3000 thiab 332 BC, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg sau qoob cog qoob no siv cov qoob loo ntawm flax hauv hav Nile los tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj, uas tau ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Amelikas laus. Lub mummy qhwv hauv flax pom nyob rau hauv ancient Egyptian tombs. Daim ntaub qhwv qhia tau hais tias cov ntaub pua plag muaj cov tshuaj tua zoo heev. Hauv cov neeg Fabkis thiab cov neeg As Mes li cov neeg Asmeskas tau tshawb pom ntau tshaj 50 mummies hauv cov qhov tsuam 25-kilometer ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv Qixa thaum xyoo 10th BC, lawv txhua tus tau muab khi rau hauv cov ntaub pua chaw, uas pom cov khoom zoo tiv thaiv corrosion. Txawm hais tias linen yog nyuaj rau dye, lawv dyed liab nrog ib tug sedge thiab kho nrog antiseptic. Nyob rau ntawm ib cheeb tsam square inch, muaj 160 xov hlau iav thiab 120 lub phuam nyhav, uas qhia tau hais tias qib siab ntawm cov tshuab textile nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Tug vajntxwv Iyiv, uas tau muab coj los rau ntiajteb, tau muab txoj hlua khi ntawm daim phij tawj pov rau tom qab ntawm Anpikas tus vajtswv ntawm Athee. Lub density weaving tau tshwm sim ntawm 360 kab ntawm cov ntaub npog ntsej muag ib kab. Nws tuaj yeem hais txog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov niaj hnub archeology uas nws tau sib tsoo ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 5,000 txog 4,000 BC, thiab looms tau tshwm sim rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Txoj kev tshawb ntawm Egyptian phav phav lub qhov ntxa pom tau hais tias lub sijhawm ntawm txoj hlua ntawm linen twb loj, thiab pharaohs twb pib siv linen. Cov neeg Yixayees thaum ub, tsis hais lawv txoj haujlwm twg, yog txhua lub hauv siab, thiab daim npog povtseg yog ua los ntawm linen hu ua "Roin.", Uas yog hu ua "linen". Nyob rau hauv 1 thiab 5th centuries BC, cov neeg Loos siv ntaub ntoo los ua tus poj niam lub teeb ntaub. Lub tsho npog ncaj khov linen ncaj nraim rau lub xub pwg los yog cov menyuam. Vim tias cov ntaub qhwv to taub nyuaj heev thaum lub sij hawm, Cov khaub ncaws Iyiv cov khaub ncaws hnyav dawb, hnav cov xim ntsuab dawb rau cov ntxhais yuav tau sib yuav, cov neeg laus siv cov ntoo av tshauv dawb rau hauv cov mis nyuj kom qhuav. Lub sijhawm no, cov neeg Mis Kas tau qhia cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag mus rau cov tebchaws nyob hauv Mediterranean nruab nrab, txij li thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov ntaub pua chaw tau kis ntawm Switzerland rau Fabkis, Britain, Belgium thiab lwm lub teb chaws. , flax fibers pib mus ua khoom raws li cov khoom muag hauv kev ua lag luam.

Nyob rau hauv 1760, tus neeg tsim khoom Lavxias teb sab Tsav Txawv Rodriguez Glinkov tau tsim cov ntaub pua chaw siv tshuab, uas coj txoj kev lag luam hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau hauv lub tshiab era. Tom qab ntawd, nyob hauv Fabkis, qhov uas tau ua cov ntaub pua chaw, Napoleon tau txais ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm 1 lab francs los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntawm lub sij hawm. Lub invention ntawm lub tshuab spinning uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau zoo nkauj linen textiles tau tsim. Xyoo 1810, Fabkis Philippe Gérard tau tsim cov qauv ntub qe hlau, thiab thawj lub caij nquam paj nquam paj nquam nruas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev lag luam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg textile. Cov ntaub pua plag hnav cov neeg lub neej nyob hauv ntau txoj kev siv. Nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm linen spinning machine, lub tshuab smashing yog cov khoom ntawm lub sij hawm, tab sis nws yog tseem lug siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm linen textiles, thiab yog hu ua "pua xyoo cav". Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej lossis ntau dua, kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab textile tshuab, paj ntoo thiab cov ntaub ntim ntaub tsim tau sai dua, thiab tom qab kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov txiv neej ua daim fibers, txawm tias tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm lwm cov ntawv nyeem fiber ntau deb tshaj qhov qub iav thiab hemp , tab sis Tib neeg lub neej yuav tsis thiab tsis nco qab txog cov khoom uas tau cuam tshuam tib neeg lub neej rau ntau txhiab xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua mus. 14, nplua linen twb dai rau ntawm phab ntsa chav pw ntawm Pope John XII. Niaj hnub, linen yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau thoob ntiaj teb cov khw noj mov xws li thawj chav kawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb-chav airlines thiab lub Savlin Hotel nyob rau London. Nrog rau cov nroj tsuag thoob plaws thiab kis ntawm linen nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag cov ntaub qhwv muaj tshwm sim. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, cov ntaub ntawv luam yeeb tau nrov thiab loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv UK. Marx nyob rau hauv thawj tshooj ntawm Capital Thoob Plaws Tshooj, Tshooj 24, Tshooj 5, "Cov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Txoj Kev Kwv Yees Hauv Kev Lag Luam Hauv Kev Lag Luam Tsim Kev Ua Lag Luam ntawm Industrial Capital" ntawm Friedrich II. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv Westphalian, tag nrho cov spun linen, raug zog deprived, uas qhia txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom flax ntawm lub sijhawm.

Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, raws li keeb kwm cov ntaub ntawv: Thaum ntxov li 1906, Tsoom Fwv Qing tau qhia txog plaub yam ntawm Lavxias-ua fiber ntau linen "Berno" los ntawm Hokkaido, thiab tau muab cog rau hauv peb cheeb tsam northeastern. Lub sijhawm thaum cog ntoo ntawm flax no mas yog siv cov roj qoob loo. Rau flax, lub siab tshaj plaws thaj chaw cog ua ntej nrhiav ntawm lub koom pheej hu 1 lab mu. Tom qab cov noob qoob loo tau hloov los ntawm roj cov qoob loo kom muaj fiber ntau, 18 flax raw khoom siv cov nroj tsuag tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lub Nroog Heilongjiang, thiab muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rov qab cov khoom siv ntawv tho textiles. Lub sij hawm ntawd, tus Japanese tau ua tus sau qoob rau cov flax thiab tsim cov kev tshaaj, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov flax tau xa los rau Nyiv.

Xyoo 1952, lub Harbin linen textile Hoobkas, thawj cov lag luam loj thiab nruab nrab cov neeg pabcuam los ntawm cov qub Soviet Union, tau yug nyob rau sab qaum teb. Qhov no yog qhov pib taw qhia thiab pib ntawm niaj hnub suav linen textile kev lag luam. Nws qhab nia nkag teb chaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov ntaub qhwv to textile textile kev lag luam rau niaj hnub loj teev. Txij thaum ntawd los, qhov kev kawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov ntaub qhuab qhia ntaub qhuab qhia tau nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb. Lub ntiaj teb tau tsim ib qho qauv tshiab ntawm cov tshuab luam yeeb tshuab luam tawm los ntawm Western Europe, Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia.