Kev Lag Luam Ua Ntaub Ntawv Kho Mob Siv Los Nyob Hauv Ib Lub Sij Hawm Ntawm Kev Loj Hlob

Kev lag luam textiles yog cov khoom lag luam nce ceev tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, thaum cov ntawv kho mob yog cov feem ntau hloov hauv kev lag luam textile kev lag luam. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Lag Luam Textile ntev tau luam tawm kev tshaj tawm pej xeem" Lub zeem muag ntawm Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv 2010" tus nqi ntawm 5,4 billion Asmeskas las. Kev muag khoom ntim ntawm textiles yuav ncav cuag 2.4 lab tons, nrog rau tag nrho cov nqi ntawm 8,2 billion Asmeskas las, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam yuav nce siab tshaj qhov kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm lwm cov ntaub. Raws li kev twv ua ntej ntawm cov tub txawg, lub ntiaj teb textile kev lag luam tau hloov pauv sai sai rau cov muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv nqi textiles. Ntawm lawv, kev kho mob textiles, tiv thaiv textiles, thiab qee cov high-end tshwj xeeb textiles, xws li cov ntse textiles (tseem paub lub npe hu ua smart textiles), yuav yog qhov kev txhim kho. Tus nqi nrawm tshaj plaws ntxiv rau textiles.

Cov tib neeg yuav cuam tshuam txog cov qauv kev lag luam

Cov pejxeem muaj kev loj hlob, tshwj xeeb hauv cov tebchaws. Hloov pauv cov qauv cwj pwm ntawm Western lub teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cov laus hauv zej zog. Hloov pauv ntawm kev ua neej nyob. Kev txhawj xeeb txog ntshav kis thiab kab mob kis thiab qhov ntsuas tiv thaiv tau coj los siv. Kev lag luam feem ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov npe nrov muaj npe txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv kho mob thiab txhim kho cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm them taus. Kev qhia tawm ntawm cov tsis-woven cov ntaub hauv cov lag luam textile tsoos txuas ntxiv nthuav dav. Cov kev cuam tshuam no muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev kho mob kev lag luam, thiab kev txhim kho kev ua lag luam kuj cuam tshuam rau kev tsim qauv ntawm kev lag luam textile kev lag luam.

Raws li kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam sab hnub poob, txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub ntiaj teb' s kev lag luam textile kev lag luam hauv kaum xyoo dhau los cuam tshuam nrog cov laus cov qauv ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas. Thaum 1980s, cov neeg laus hnub nyoog laus dua 60 xyoo suav txog 22% ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau xyoo 2006, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov neeg laus hauv Tebchaws Europe suav txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj txog 80 lab tus neeg laus hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cov laus qhov xav tau rau cov cuab yeej siv kho mob yog siab dua lwm cov pab pawg. Yog li ntawd, raws li ib feem ntawm cov ntawv kho mob uas txuas nrog cov cuab yeej siv kho mob, qhov nce hauv nws txoj kev noj nws kuj tsim nyog.

Qee cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem hauv lub sijhawm loj hlob sai

Raws li Daim Ntawv Qhia Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv tebchaws Askiv, ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, cov khoom lag luam tawm ceev tshaj plaws hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no xws li: cov ntaub qhwv cov kab mob, cov khoom siv cog thiab cov ntaub so ntsej muag nrog cov biocompatibility zoo, cov ntaub qhwv ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob, khoom siv cuav, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntse. Saum tsib hom kev kho mob textiles muaj ntau hom kev siv, yog li cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom rau kev ua cov ntawv xov xwm no, xws li ib txheej-fibre, ntau txheej fibers, knitted cov khoom, tsis-ntaub, ntaub thiab ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, yuav usher nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai.

Nyob rau lub xyoo pua 21st, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv tshawb fawb, qee cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tshiab tau tawm ib qho dhau ib qho, suav nrog: cov khoom siv kho mob khoom siv, cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb yog: biodegradable suture (cov ntaub ntawv raw siv yog collagen, catgut, poly Glycolic acid , polylactic acid, thiab lwm yam) Biodegradable suture xov (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog polyester fiber, PTFE fiber, polypropylene fiber thiab polyethylene fiber, thiab lwm yam) Cov khoom siv dag hluav taws xob (cov khoom siv yog silk, collagen, polyester fiber, PTFE fiber, polyurethane fiber ntau) Thiab polyethylene fibers, thiab lwm yam.) Cov khoom siv dag dag (cov khoom siv yog polyester fiber, carbon fiber, collagen, thiab lwm yam), cov tawv nqaij cuav (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog chitosan), cov pob txha mos (cov khoom siv ua yog siv tsawg-polyethylene fibers , thiab lwm yam), tiv tauj lub lens thiab Artificial cornea (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog polymethacrylic fiber, silicone, collagen, thiab lwm yam) cov leeg ntshav (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog PTFE fibers, polyester fibers, e. tc.) Cov qhov qub (cov khoom siv: polyester fibers, thiab lwm yam). Cov khoom lag luam tshiab ntawm vitro kho mob textile kho mob khoom siv. Cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb muaj xws li: lub raum dag (cov khoom siv yog hollow polyester fiber, hollow viscose fiber, thiab lwm yam), daim siab mob siab (cov khoom siv yog hollow viscose fiber, thiab lwm yam.) Kev kho lub ntsws (cov khoom siv yog hollow acrylic fiber, Hollow silicone membrane, thiab lwm yam) .).

Kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntau tau nyob rau 8% -10% nyob rau xyoo tas los no, uas ntau dua ntau dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob. Ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, xws li cov hnab looj tes, cov kaus mom phais, cov npog qhov ncauj, cov phuam phais neeg, cov phuam phais, hnav tsho, pw tsho, pw hauv ncoo, hauv ncoo, khaub ncaws hnav hauv tsev kho mob, cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, daim pawm thiab cov lus qhia rau cov neeg mob tso zis yuav siv los ntawm kws phais neeg. Kev ua lag luam rau lwm cov khoom lag luam yuav loj hlob sai heev. Cov khoom lag luam saum toj no yog paj rwb cov ntaub ntshiab, polyester, viscose, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane thiab lwm yam tshuaj fiber, lossis paj rwb / tshuaj fiber ntau ua ke.

Cov xov tsis-pluag yuav loj hlob los ntawm kev plhaw thiab ciam

Lwm qhov tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yog: kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob rau cov kub hnyiab, cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau dua yog siv cov khoom siv sib txuas, suav nrog cov ntaub tsis-ntaub thiab knitted ntaub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, daim nyias nyias, ua npuas ua npuas thiab viscose ntau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tshiab, thiab lwm yam. Lawv tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv kho mob nrog cov kev siv tshuaj loj.

Tam sim no, tsib lub khw tsim kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yog: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Europe (feem ntau EU cov tebchaws), Canada, Nyij Pooj, thiab Australia. Kev muag ntawm cov ntawv kho mob hauv tsib lub lag luam tseem ceeb no kwv yees li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov kev muag khoom hauv lub ntiaj teb' s kev lag luam textiles kev ua lag luam, thaum lwm lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam ua ke tsuas yog 10%. Ntawm lawv, Tebchaws Europe yog" tus thawj coj" nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb' s kev lag luam kho mob textile kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom siv tsis-woven kev kho mob textiles. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tsis-woven yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm qee cov European me thiab nruab nrab kev lag luam, thiab ob peb lub tuam txhab loj tau koom nrog. Qee tus nqi tsim txiaj ntsig kho mob raug tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab European xws li: cov khoom siv roj ntsha tshwj xeeb, cov ntaub ntawv ntse, thiab" textile sensors" uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev sim ua tiav. Ib yam yog qhov tseeb, cov ntawv kho mob pov tseg rau cov chav ua haujlwm (feem ntau ntawm lawv cov khoom pheej yig tsis yog-cov khoom lag luam) yuav muaj kev loj hlob sai hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.

Cov ntsiab lus: kev kho mob textiles

Kev faib thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lwm cov khoom siv kho mob, uas yog Class I (cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg lub cev), Chav Kawm II a (cov khoom lag luam muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg), Chav II b (cov khoom lag luam nrog qee qhov kev pheej hmoo) , thiab Chav III (Muaj cov khoom lag luam txaus ntshai). Chav kho mob III cov cuab yeej siv ncaj qha cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum lossis kev txhawb nqa lub neej, thaum Class I kho mob yog cov khoom uas tsis ua rau lossis tsis ncaj qha rau tib neeg lub cev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tswj hwm los ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob, tuaj yeem muab faib ua 4 pawg raws li lawv cov kev siv sib txawv, uas yog: cov khoom siv tsis zoo, cov khoom siv tau, sab nraud khoom siv (xws li cov raum cuav, thiab lwm yam), cov ntaub ntawv kho mob thiab huv (xws li raws li daim ntaub nyias nyias, tus kws kho mob ua haujlwm khaub ncaws, khaub ncaws neeg mob, txaj txaj, phuam phais, thiab lwm yam). Raws li kev ua cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tuaj yeem raug muab faib ua: cov ntaub qhwv ntaub zoo tib yam, cov ntaub tsis-cov ntaub, cov xaws, tshwj xeeb cov ntaub (xws li perforated fabrics thiab lwm cov ntaub nrog zoo permeability, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom kho mob xws li daim tawv nqaij) Cov.