Kev Ua Lag Luam Ua Ntaub Ntawv Kho Mob Siv Los Nyob Hauv Ib Lub Sij Hawm Ntawm Kev Loj Hlob

Kev lag luam textiles yog cov khoom lag luam nce ceev tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, thaum cov ntawv kho mob yog cov feem ntau hloov hauv kev lag luam textile kev lag luam. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Textile tau ntev los luam tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm" Lub Zeem Muag ntawm Kev Lag Luam Ntiaj Teb Textile 2010 2010" tus nqi ntawm 5,4 billion Asmeskas las. Kev muag khoom ntim ntawm textiles yuav ncav cuag 2.4 lab tons, nrog rau tag nrho cov nqi ntawm 8,2 billion Asmeskas las, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob zoo tshaj li qhov nce xyoo ntawm lwm cov lag luam textiles. Raws li kev twv ua ntej ntawm cov tub txawg, lub ntiaj teb textile kev lag luam tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntawm lawv, kev kho mob textiles, tiv thaiv textiles, thiab qee cov high-end tshwj xeeb textiles, xws li ntse textiles (tseem hu ua cov ntse textiles), yuav tseeg yog kev tsim kho. Tus nqi nrawm tshaj plaws ntxiv rau textiles.

Cov tib neeg yuav cuam tshuam txog cov qauv kev lag luam

Cov pejxeem muaj kev loj hlob, tshwj xeeb hauv cov tebchaws. Hloov pauv cov qauv cwj pwm ntawm Western lub teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cov laus hauv zej zog. Hloov pauv ntawm kev ua neej nyob. Kev txhawj xeeb txog kab mob ntshav thiab kab mob kis hauv huab cua, thiab cov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tau coj los siv. Kev lag luam feem ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov npe nrov muaj npe txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, thiab cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm them taus yog nce ntxiv. Kev qhia tawm ntawm cov tsis-woven cov ntaub hauv cov lag luam textile tsoos txuas ntxiv nthuav dav. Cov kev cuam tshuam no muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam textile lag luam, thiab kev tsim kho nyob rau hauv lem kuj cuam tshuam cov qauv kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam textile kev lag luam.

Raws li kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam sab hnub poob, txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam textile kev lag luam hauv kaum xyoo dhau los yog cuam tshuam nrog cov laus cov qauv ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas. Thaum 1980s, cov neeg laus hnub nyoog laus dua 60 xyoo suav txog 22% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau xyoo 2006, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov neeg laus hauv Tebchaws Europe suav txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj txog 80 lab tus neeg laus hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cov neeg laus qhov xav tau rau cov cuab yeej siv kho mob yog siab dua lwm cov neeg. Yog li ntawd, raws li ib feem ntawm cov ntawv kho mob uas txuas nrog cov cuab yeej siv kho mob, qhov nce hauv nws txoj kev noj nws kuj tsim nyog.

Qee cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem hauv lub sijhawm loj hlob sai

Raws li Daim Ntawv Qhia Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv tebchaws Askiv, ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, cov khoom lag luam tawm ceev tshaj plaws hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no: cov ntaub qhwv cov ntaub qhwv, cov khoom siv cog thiab cov ntaub so ntsej muag nrog cov biocompatibility zoo, cov ntaub qhwv ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob, khoom siv cuav, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntse. Saum tsib hom kev kho mob textiles muaj ntau hom kev siv, yog li cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom rau kev ua cov ntawv xov xwm no, xws li ib txheej-fibre, multilayer fibers, knitted cov khoom, tsis-cov ntaub, ntaub thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw, yuav usher hauv lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob sai.

Nyob rau lub xyoo pua 21st, nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv tshawb fawb, qee cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tshiab tau tawm ib qho dhau ib qho, suav nrog: cov khoom siv kho mob khoom siv, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog: biodegradable sutures (cov ntaub ntawv raw siv yog collagen, catgut, poly Glycolic acid , polylactic acid, thiab lwm yam.) Biodegradable suture xov (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog polyester fiber, PTFE fiber, polypropylene fiber thiab polyethylene fiber, thiab lwm yam) Cov khoom siv dag hluav taws xob (cov khoom siv yog silk, collagen, polyester fiber, PTFE fiber, polyurethane fiber ntau) , thiab lwm yam.) Thiab polyethylene fibers, thiab lwm yam.) Cov khoom siv dag (cov khoom siv yog polyester fiber, carbon fiber, thiab collagen, thiab lwm yam), daim tawv nqaij cuav (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog chitosan), cov pob txha mos (cov khoom siv yog siv yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab lwm yam), cov duab sib chwv thiab Artificial cornea (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog polymethac acrylic acid fiber, silicone, collagen, thiab lwm yam) cov hlab ntshav dag (cov ntaub ntawv siv yog PTFE fibers, po lyester fibers, thiab lwm yam.) Cov khoom siv dag cuav (cov ntaub ntawv siv: polyester fibers, thiab lwm yam). Cov khoom lag luam tshiab ntawm vitro kho mob cov khoom siv kho mob, cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb muaj xws li: lub raum cuav (cov khoom siv yog hollow polyester fiber, hollow viscose fiber, thiab lwm yam), daim siab mob siab (cov khoom siv yog hollow viscose fiber, thiab lwm yam.) Neeg kho tshuab ntsws yog hollow acrylic fiber, Hollow silicone membrane, thiab lwm yam).

Kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntau tau nyob rau 8% -10% nyob rau xyoo tas los no, uas ntau dua ntau dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob. Ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, ntau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, xws li cov hnab looj tes, lub kaus mom phais, cov npog qhov ncauj, cov phuam phais neeg, cov phuam phais, hnav tsho, pw tsho, pam pua ​​txaj, tog hauv ncoo, khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob, cov ris tsho tiv thaiv, cov pawm thiab cov lus qhia rau cov neeg muaj mob tso zis kev ua lag luam rau lwm yam khoom yuav loj hlob sai heev. Cov khoom lag luam saum toj no yog paj rwb cov ntaub ntshiab, polyester, viscose, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane thiab lwm yam tshuaj fiber, lossis paj rwb / tshuaj fiber ntau ua ke.

Cov xov tsis-pluag yuav loj hlob los ntawm kev plhaw thiab ciam

Lwm qhov tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yog: txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob rau cov kub hnyiab, cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau dua yog siv cov khoom siv sib txuas, suav nrog cov ntaub tsis-ntaub thiab knitted cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas, daim nyias nyias, ua npuas ua npuas thiab viscose Ntau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tshiab, thiab lwm yam tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv kho mob nrog kev siv tshuaj loj.

Tam sim no, tsib lub khw tsim kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yog: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Europe (feem ntau EU cov tebchaws), Canada, Nyij Pooj, thiab Australia. Kev muag cov ntawv kho mob hauv tsib lub lag luam tseem ceeb no kwv yees li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov kev muag khoom hauv lub ntiaj teb' s kev lag luam textiles kev ua lag luam, thaum lwm lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam ua ke tsuas yog 10%. Ntawm lawv, Tebchaws Europe yog" tus thawj coj" nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb' s kev lag luam kho mob textile kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom siv tsis-woven cov ntawv kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tsis-woven yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm qee cov European me thiab nruab nrab kev lag luam, thiab ob peb lub tuam txhab loj tau koom nrog. Qee tus nqi tsim txiaj ntsig kho mob raug tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab European xws li: cov khoom siv roj ntsha tshwj xeeb, cov ntaub ntawv ntse, thiab" textile sensors" uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev sim ua tiav. Ib yam yog qhov tseeb, cov ntawv kho mob pov tseg rau cov chav ua haujlwm (feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam qis thiab cov khoom lag luam uas tsis muaj ntaub qhwv) yuav muaj kev loj hlob sai sai hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.

Cov ntsiab lus: kev kho mob textiles

Kev faib thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lwm cov khoom siv kho mob, uas yog Class I (cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg lub cev), Chav Kawm II a (cov khoom lag luam muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg), Chav II b (cov khoom lag luam nrog qee qhov kev pheej hmoo) , thiab Chav III (Muaj cov khoom lag luam txaus ntshai). Chav kho mob III cov cuab yeej siv ncaj qha cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum lossis kev txhawb nqa lub neej, thaum Class I kho mob yog cov khoom uas tsis ua rau lossis tsis ncaj qha rau tib neeg lub cev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tswj hwm los ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob, tuaj yeem muab faib ua 4 pawg raws li lawv cov kev siv sib txawv, uas yog: cov khoom siv tsis zoo, cov khoom siv pleev xim, cov khoom siv ntxiv (xws li lub raum cuav, thiab lwm yam), cov ntaub ntawv kho mob thiab huv (xws li raws li daim ntaub nyias nyias, tus kws kho mob ua haujlwm khaub ncaws, khaub ncaws neeg mob, txaj txaj, phuam phais, thiab lwm yam). Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tuaj yeem raug muab faib ua: cov ntaub qhwv ntaub zoo tib yam, cov ntaub tsis-cov ntaub, xaws khaub ncaws, cov ntaub tshwj xeeb (xws li perforated fabrics thiab lwm cov ntaub nrog zoo permeability, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom kho mob xws li daim tawv nqaij) Cov.