Vim Li Cas Koj Lub Hniaj Yuav Ua Rau Teeb Meem Thaum Lub Caij Ntuj Sov?
May 18, 2019
Rau cov ntawv luam yeeb thiab dyeing kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem siv dej feem ntau yog siv, feem ntau cov dej feem ntau txawv cov caij, cheeb tsam thiab kev hloov kev nyab xeeb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov nag muaj dej txaus, thiab cov dej hloov hloov kuj loj thiab yoojyim, uas yog ib qho yooj yim kom muaj kev phom sij rau luam ntawv thiab dyeing.
Nyhuv ntawm hlau nyob hauv dej ntawm dyeing ntawm disperse dyes
Tsem cov dej thiab cov dej zoo. Nws qhia tias lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub cev (xws li xim, dej tawg, ntxhiab, thiab lwm yam.), Cov tshuaj (cov ntsiab lus thiab cov organic) thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob (kab mob, microbes, plankton, benthic organisms) thiab lawv cov kab mob. Txhawm rau ntsuam xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov dej tsis zoo, ib cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov qauv dej, xws li dej haus cov qauv kev haus dej haus, dej haus thiab dej ntses. Rau kev lagluam thiab dyeing kev lag luam, tus qauv siv dej feem ntau yog siv, thiab feem ntau cov dej feem ntau hloov nrog lub caij, cheeb tsam thiab kev hloov kev nyab xeeb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov nag muaj dej txaus, thiab cov dej hloov hloov kuj loj thiab yoojyim, uas yog ib qho yooj yim kom muaj kev phom sij rau luam ntawv thiab dyeing.
Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau (xws li xeb) los yog hlau ions hauv dyeing dej ntau tshaj li tus qauv, nws yuav cuam tshuam zoo zoo thiab tsis ua raws li cov kev cai lij choj uas yuav tsum tau ua.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau qhov kev hloov hauv Hawj yog:
1. Cov hlau ion ua ke nrog cov zas;
2. Cov hlau los yog hlau ions txo thiab tsim kev qaug xa tawm;
3. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hlau ions thiab cov koom haum hauv qhov xim da dej cuam tshuam qhov kev ruaj ntseg dispersion ntawm lub zas thiab txo qhov kev zom dye tu nqi.
Dyes uas nquag rau hlau ions ua ke nrog disperse dyes tsuas yog ib haiv neeg tsawg.
Piv txwv, ib qho tshuaj anthraquinone disperse dye, uas muaj quinone-based ci ntsa iab liab, yog hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm liab liab nrog xiav vim kev ua ke ntawm cov hlau ions thiab disperse dyes. Lub degree ntawm kev txav ntawm cov hlau ions rau dyes yog hais txog hom hlau ions. Fe2 +, Fe3 +, thiab Cu2 + muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev rau dyes. Ca2 + thiab Mg2 + (feem ntau cov kev ua kom tawv nqaij feem ntau qhia tau tias cov concentration) muaj cov teebmeem me me, tab sis thaum lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, Nws kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev dyeing.
Nyob hauv qhov dyeing, yuav kom tiv thaiv tau tus cawv ntawm cov hlau ions, ib tus neeg siv cov hlau chelating yuav siv tau, thiab rau 2+, Fe3 +, Cu2 +, EDTA lossis NTA-muaj hlau chelating tus neeg sawv cev uas yuav siv tau rau hauv acid acid tsis ntws siv tau. Rau lub Ca2 + thiab Mg2 +, feem ntau yog siv lub polycarboxylic acid hlau chelating tus neeg sawv cev.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov hlau ionization tsis tuaj yeem raug daws los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hlau, thiab lwm qhov yuav tsum raug daws. Yog tias cov hmoov hlau uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov xim da dej yog ionized rau Fe2 +, Fe3 +, thiab cov ions yog chelated los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas cov hlau, kev siv cov hlau cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov zas tawm ntawm kev txo.
Kev siv ntawm ib tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov txo ntawm qhov txo, tab sis cov tshuaj mas nws tsim nyog. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm Fe2 + hauv dyebath yog 500 ppm, yuav tsum ntxiv 1 g / L ntawm sodium chlorate. Yog hais tias qhov nyiaj loj dhau lawm, qhov khoom oxidising ntawm cov tshuaj sodium chlorate adversely raug rau cov xim, yog li nws yog tsis tsim nyog siv tshuaj sodium chlorate. Thaum cov ntsiab lus hlau me me, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob siv txo cov m-nitrobenzenesulphonate (ua los ntawm ntsev ntawm S ntsev) los yog cov zoo li.
Cov kua acid dyebath yog yooj yim ua rau txo cov hmoov hmoov los yog Fe2 +. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov zoo ntawm dyeing los ntawm txo, xim yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau cov dej dyeing thiab xaiv cov dyeing auxiliaries. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa oxygen hauv cov pa dyeing thiab cov pa hauv qhov dyeing da dej pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txo, thiab kev foob seev dyeing ntawm lub kaw ntim tshuab dyeing kuj zoo heev.
